Reciprocity
The INTENSITY on FILM Ii = Io (a/f)2
Exposure: E = Ii t = Io t (a/f)2 = Io t/nf2
Reciprocity Failure for short and long t (rate dep.): “Reciprocity Effect”
Io
I=Io * ho2/o2
o
f
II = I*(ša2/šhi2)
hi = -(f/o)*ho
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